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Gods of Our Fathers: The United States of Enlightenment

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     Why should we care what the Founding Fathers believed, or did not believe, about religion? They went to such great trouble to insulate faith from politics, and took such care to keep their own convictions private, that it would scarcely matter if it could now be proved that, say, George Washington was a secret Baptist. The ancestor of the American Revolution was the English Revolution of the 1640s, whose leaders and spokesmen were certainly Protestant fundamentalists, but that did not bind the Framers and cannot be said to bind us, either. Indeed, the established Protestants church in Britain was one of the models which can be quite sure the signatories of 1776 were determined to avoid emulating.      Moreover, the eighteenth-century scholars and gentlemen who gave us the U. S. Constitution were in a relative state of innocence respecting knowledge of the cosmos, the Earth, and the psyche, of the sort that has revolutionized the modern argum...

Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology

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There are two ma in  branches  of   psychology.  In dividuals can either conduct research or apply it. The former, consists of sub-branches that explore a specific portion of behavior o r  cognition. For example, bio-psychologists study the relationship between biology and behavior (i.e. how enzymes help modulate movement), cognitive psychologists explore how  in formation is processed (i.e. how a cognitive bias can  in fluence decision-mak in g). The latter is  in  charge of apply in g said  in formation. For example, a cognitive psychologist might work on creat in g tests that cannot produce cognitive biases  in  an  in dividual or a cl in ical psychologist can provide a type of  thera py that has empirical support. Nevertheless, it seems that there is a disconnection between psychologists who conduct research and those who apply it. The purpose of this essay is to focus on this separation from a cl in ical pers...

A comparison between medication and therapy

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Both forms of treatment seek the same result, for the patient to have a balanced mental life. However, both of them come with different pros and cons that allow the patients to decide what the best option would be for them. In the case of medication, one of them is side-effects. An example of this would be the outcome the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) obtained when they conducted a review in 2004. The results of the metanalysis suggested that, for children with major depressive disorder (MDD), antidepressants double the risk of suicide attempts (NIHM, n. d.) This is why antidepressants that are given to children have a black box as a warning signal, the black box warns parents about the worsening of other symptoms such as asocial activity and insomnia. However, this is not only limited to antidepressant medications, but rather to every form of drug therapy. An example of this is PTSD medication, which the side effects include convulsions, sudden loss of consciousness, loss of b...